RESUMEN El lambari, Astyanax altiparanae, exhibe un gran potencial para la acuicultura debido a su crecimiento omnívoro, rápido y fácil de cautiverio. A pesar de que el metabolismo de los lípidos en los peces está directamente relacionado con los lípidos de la dieta, lo que puede conducir a cambios en el crecimiento de los peces, no se ha establecido mucho sobre las fuentes de lípidos que se pueden aplicar en la producción en cautiverio de A. altiparanae. Por lo tanto, esta investigación se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar el rendimiento del crecimiento y la composición del cuerpo de A. altiparanae alimentados con fuentes de lípidos de origen vegetal y animal. Se utilizó un experimento de diseño completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos. Los tratamientos consistieron en dietas isoproteicas e isoenergéticas, que contenían las siguientes fuentes de lípidos: T1: aceites de linaza, chía y girasol; T2: aceites de linaza y maíz; T3: aceites de linaza, chía, maíz y girasol; T4: girasol, maíz y aceites de pescado; T5: linaza, chía, girasol, aceites de maíz y grasa bovina. Cada tratamiento se repitió seis veces, las unidades experimentales consisten en 10 peces (peso promedio: 4.0 + 0.5 g) colocados en un acuario que contiene 80 litros de agua desclorada. Se compararon los parámetros de rendimiento de crecimiento entre los tratamientos mediante la aplicación de un análisis de varianza unidireccional (ANOVA) con una significancia del 5% (P <0.05). Los resultados revelaron que tanto el rendimiento del crecimiento como la composición del cuerpo de A. altiparanae no se vieron afectados por la fuente de lípidos, lo que indica que estos peces pueden usar eficientemente tanto fuentes de lípidos vegetales como mezclas de fuentes de lípidos vegetales y animales sin ninguna desventaja de crecimiento.

ABSTRACT The lambari, Astyanax altiparanae, exhibits a great potential for aquaculture due to its omnivory, rapid growth and ease captive production. Despite of fish lipid metabolism being directly related to the dietary lipid consumed, which may lead to changes in fish growth, nothing much have been established regarding the lipid sources that can be applied in A. altiparanae captive production. Thus, this present research was conducted aiming to evaluate the growth performance and whole body composition of A. altiparanae fed with lipid sources of plant and/or animal origins. Were used a Completely Randomized design experiment with five treatments. The treatments consisted of isoproteic and isoenergetic diets, containing the following lipid sources: T1: linseed, chia and sunflower oils; T2: linseed and corn oils; T3: linseed, chia, corn and sunflower oils; T4: sunflower, corn and fish oils; T5: linseed, chia, sunflower, corn oils and bovine fat. Each treatment was replicated six times, where the experimental units consists of 10 fishes (averaged weight: 4.0 + 0.5 g) placed in an aquarium containing 80L of dechlorinated water. Were compared the growth performance parameters among the treatments by applying an one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance (P < 0.05). The results revealed that both growth performance and whole body composition of A. altiparanae were not affected by the lipid source, which indicate that these fishes can efficiently use both vegetable lipid sources as well as mixtures of vegetable and animal lipid sources without any growth disadvantages.

Resumo: De 2012 a 2013 foram pesquisados parasitos gastrintestinais de suínos de granjas localizadas em diferentes municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Amostras fecais de 790 suínos foram coletadas da ampola retal, sendo 88 de propriedades familiares e 702 de granjas com produção industrial. As amostras foram submetidas às técnicas de Faust et al., Sheather, Ritchie, Lutz e exame direto. A prevalência estimada foi de 93,1% nas granjas familiares e 59,1% nas granjas industriais. Balantidium coli, coccídios e Entamoeba sp. foram os parasitos que apresentaram as maiores frequências, sendo as categorias machos e fêmeas reprodutoras e leitões de terminação as mais infectadas (p<0,05). Trofozoítas de B. coli foram mais evidenciados nas amostras fecais de consistências semi-sólida, seguida pelas fezes com consistências sólida e diarreica. Ovos de estrongilídeos e Trichuris suis foram detectados exclusivamente em criações familiares. Ovos de Ascaris suum e de Strongyloides ransomi apresentaram baixa frequência. O alto grau de parasitismo, principalmente de protozoários, indica a necessidade de reavaliação do manejo dos suínos em ambos os tipos de produção.

Abstract: From 2012 to 2013 were surveyed gastrointestinal parasites from pig farms located in different municpaliyies in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Fecal samples from 790 pigs were collected from the rectum on 88 family farms and 702 farms with industrial production. The samples were subjected to Faust et al., Sheather, Ritchie, Lutz and direct examination faecal techniques. The estimated parasite prevalence was 93.1% in family farms and 59.1% in industrial farms. Balantidium coli, coccidia and Entamoeba sp. were the parasites with the highest frequencies, and the male and female reproductive categories and fatteners pigs the most infected (p<0.05). Trophozoites of B. coli were most evident in stool samples from semi-solid followed by solid and diarrheal consistencies. Strongyles eggs and Trichuris suis have been detected exclusively in family farms. Ascaris suum eggs and Strongyloides ransomi showed low frequency. The high degree of parasitism, especially protozoa, indicates the need to reassess the management of pigs in both types of production.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of light intensity on the feed training of juvenile giant trahiras (Hoplias lacerdae). A completely randomized design with four light treatments and three replicates was used, and the following light intensities were tested: 204.9; 177.58; 54.64 and 0.00 lux. Juvenile giant trahiras (length = 3.0 ± 0.4 cm and weight = 0.5 ± 0.05 g) were stocked at 6 fish L-1 in 12 rectangular tanks (24 × 20 × 14 cm) containing six liters of water, and subjected to feed training to accept dry diets. At the end of the experiment (21 days), weight gain, length gain, survival, cannibalism, and mortality rates were evaluated. Data were subjected to regression analysis at 5% probability. Different light intensities did not affect growth, survival, mortality, or cannibalism rates in juvenile giant trahiras during the feed training. Therefore, this species can be trained to accept dry diets in the presence or absence of light.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a tolerância de Betta splendens à salinidade da água, realizou-se um experimento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis concentrações de sal na água (0; 3; 6; 9; 12 e 15 g de sal comum/L de água), cada uma com cinco repetições (1 peixe/repetição). Fêmeas adultas de Betta splendens foram alojadas individualmente em aquários mantidos em estufa incubadora, a 26 ± 0,2 ºC e fotoperíodo de 12 horas. Os peixes foram alimentados até a saciedade, uma vez ao dia, com ração comercial. Foram mensurados o consumo diário de ração e a sobrevivência dos peixes a cada 12 horas. Para avaliar o efeito agudo da salinidade, foram calculados o tempo médio de sobrevivência e a salinidade letal mediana-96 horas, enquanto o efeito crônico (18 dias) foi avaliado pelo cálculo da salinidade máxima de sobrevivência e da salinidade letal mediana. O tempo médio de sobrevivência foi significativamente menor na salinidade de 15 g/L. A salinidade letal mediana-96 horas estimada foi de 11,88 g/L, a salinidade máxima de sobrevivência entre 6 e 7 g/L, e a salinidade letal mediana de 9,35 g/L. Observou-se interação significativa entre as salinidades da água e o tempo de alimentação. Considerando que é uma espécie de água doce, o beta possui alta tolerância à salinidade da água.

Salinity tolerance of Betta splendens was evaluated in a complete randomized design, with six salt concentrations in the water (0; 3; 6; 9; 12 and 15 g common salt/L) with five replications (1 fish/replication). Adult female B. splendens were individually placed in aquariums in an incubation chamber at 26 ± 0.2ºC and 12-hour photoperiod. Fish were fed to satiation, once a day, with commercial diet. Feed intake and survival rate were measured every 12 hours. To evaluate the effect of acute salinity, the mean survival time and median lethal salinity-96 h were calculated, while the chronic effect (18 days) was assessed by calculating the survival salinity maximum and median lethal salinity. The mean survival time was significantly lower at 15 g/L water salinity. The median lethal salinity-96 h calculated was 11.88 g/L, the survival salinity maximum was between 6 and 7 g/L, and the median lethal salinity was 9.35 g/L. There was a significant interaction between feeding time and water salinity. Considering that the B. splendens is a freshwater species, it was concluded that this species demonstrated a high tolerance to water salinity.